Terrorism is the use of force or violence against persons or property for purposes of intimidation, coercion, or ransom. The threat of terrorism has become one of the most disturbing aspects of modern life. Acts of…
Continue ReadingThe military bomb, as we generally recognise it, is a ballistic shaped object filled with large quantities of explosive and dropped from aircraft from the air. It is designed to explode on impact when it reaches…
Continue ReadingThe term “firearm” generally refers to any lethal barrelled weapon from which any shot, bullet or missile can be discharged. Under the laws of many countries the term ”firearm” also includes any article having the…
Continue ReadingThere are many bladed and sharp items that could be used as weapons in the hands of malicious individuals, so they are fobidden in hand baggage at most airports. These include: Knives, including kitchen knives,…
Continue ReadingIn one of the most notorious postal device campaigns, Theodore Kaczynski, known as the Unabomber, sent devices in the United States which killed three people and injured twenty-eight over a twenty-year period, from the late…
Continue ReadingWe have witnessed the emergence of new terrorist groups, including right wing extremists and extremist religious fundamentalist groups, whose aims are not to bargain with governments, nor to win over public opinion to their point…
Continue ReadingAn IID is a device designed to destroy, incapacitate, harass, or distract by creating intense heat and fire, rather than by exploding. Terrorists have often used IIDs to attack economic targets. IIDs are generally hand-carried…
Continue ReadingA hand grenade is a small hand-held anti-personnel weapon designed to be thrown and then explode after a short time. Hand grenades may appear in several shapes, sizes and constructions. Some contain explosives, while others…
Continue ReadingRegular practice on a CBT system is essential to ensure that you are able to develop an awareness of the colours, densities, shapes and sizes that may suggest the presence of IEDs, weapons and other dangerous items…
Continue ReadingX-rays are waves of electromagnetic energy which form part of the electromagnetic spectrum, along with other waveforms such as radio waves, microwaves, infrared waves, UV waves and gamma waves. Human eyes are sensitive to the…
Continue ReadingNo security X-ray system has yet been produced that can make autonomous decisions for acceptable and reliable threat detection. All still heavily depend on human operators to view and interpret the images. It is vital…
Continue ReadingWhen an item is X-rayed, some of the X-rays pass straight through and some are absorbed and do not come out the other side. It is the density (Atomic Weight) and thickness of materials that…
Continue ReadingRoles and duties (rotating) at each security checkpoint utilising an X-ray Machine and Archway Metal Detector include the following: Loader Carries out risk assessments of passengers and selects those requiring enhanced security screening. The loader…
Continue ReadingThe information about Operating Procedures is provided here as a guidance only to compliment and not to replace procedures and guidelines used at your own locality/facility. Before operating an X-ray machine, a formal testing programme…
Continue ReadingAll baggage items which exhibit suspicious signs, clutter or X-ray opaque areas must be thoroughly searched by hand Advantages of Hand Searching It’s straightforward (but must be done correctly, of course). It can be carried…
Continue ReadingA pat-down search is an additional form of passenger screening performed if a person has set off a metal detector, or if he/she is selected for additional screening because of suspicious appearance/behaviour Pat-down searches are…
Continue ReadingYou must always bear in mind the hazardous effects that X-ray beams can have on your own body. If you have a clear understanding of the nature of X-rays, then safety rules will be much…
Continue ReadingOne of the most catastrophic bombings of an airliner was the 21 December 1988 destruction of Pan Am flight 103, a Boeing 747, over Lockerbie, Scotland caused by an explosive device placed in a hold…
Continue ReadingThe screening of hand baggage is a challenging process requiring a high commitment of manpower and resources to detect threats that may be well concealed among the millions of bags that are carried through airports…
Continue ReadingTerrorists and others wishing to cause harm or disruption have long used postal and courier services to deliver hazardous items to target recipients. Some X-ray machines are in the form of cabinet units and are…
Continue ReadingPotential risks associated with air cargo security include: introduction of explosive and incendiary devices in cargo placed aboard aircraft; and shipment of undeclared hazardous materials aboard aircraft. Experts have warned that air cargo may be…
Continue ReadingFollowing the attempted bombing of Northwest Airlines Flight 253 on Christmas day, 2009, many airports around the world are planning to implement full body scanners as part of their security checks. There have been…
Continue ReadingRecently, airports have adopted more advanced X-ray scanning systems to check passenger baggage for explosives, called computed tomography scans (also known as CT, CT scan, CAT, or computerised axial tomography). It uses X-rays to produce…
Continue ReadingTest Pieces are designed for routine testing of x-ray machines, and contain samples of materials of varying density. The STP – (Standard Test Piece) is manufactured to the U.K. Home Office, Department of Environment, Department…
Continue ReadingMuch effort has been focused on direct detection of explosive materials in carry-on and checked luggage using X-ray systems, but techniques have also been developed to detect and identify residual traces that may indicate a…
Continue ReadingThe basic rule in airports is that all passengers, as well as their cabin baggage, must undergo security screening before being permitted to have access to an aircraft or a sterile area. Screening of passengers…
Continue ReadingTechnologies that screen liquids have been available in the commercial market for years. About the size of tabletop coffee makers or smaller, the machines deploy energy through a bottle of liquid and use a variety…
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